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Bed Bugs Modify Microbiome of Homes They Infest – NC State News
Homes infested by bed bugs appear to have different bacterial communities often referred to as microbiomes than homes without bed bugs, according to a first-of-its-kind study from North Carolina State University. In addition, once bed bug infestations were eradicated, home microbiomes became more similar to those in homes that didnt have bed bugs. The findings could be an important step in lifting the veil on the factors involved in indoor environmental quality and how to improve it.
Microbes can affect indoor air quality. So NCState entomologists Coby Schal and Madhavi Kakumanu wanted to learn more about the microbiomes of bed bugs, whether bed bugs can shape the microbial community in homes they infest, and whether eliminating bed bugs changes the microbiome of homes that were once infested.
The study, held in an apartment complex in Raleigh, compared the microbiomes of bed bugs with the microbiomes in the household dust of infested homes as well as the microbiomes in apartments that had no bed bugs. Nineteen infested homes were studied over the course of four months; seven were treated with heat to eliminate bed bugs after the initial sample was taken, while 12 infested homes were treated after one month. These homes were compared with 11 homes that had no bed bugs.
The results showed similarities between the microbiomes of bed bugs and the dust-associated microbiomes of infested homes, mostly through the presence of Wolbachia, a symbiotic bacterium that comprises the majority of the bacterial abundance in bed bugs. Bed bug and infested home microbiomes differed significantly from the microbial communities of uninfested homes.
There is a link between the microbiome of bed bugs and the microbiome of household dust in bed bug infested homes, said Schal, the Blanton J. Whitmire Distinguished Professor of Entomology at NCState and co-corresponding author of the paper. No previous study has reported the impact of chronic pest infestations on indoor microbial diversity.
The study also showed that, after bed bugs were eliminated, infested home microbiomes gradually became more like those in homes without bed bugs.
The elimination of the bed bugs resulted in gradual shifts in the home microbial communities toward those of uninfested homes, Kakumanu, an NCState research scholar in Schals lab and co-corresponding author of the study, said. This paper is the first experimental demonstration that eliminating an indoor pest alters the indoor microbiome toward that of uninfested homes.
Bed bug infestations are problematic in many homes in both developed and developing countries, Schal said. There is a critical need to investigate infestations from the perspective of indoor environmental quality, and this paper represents a first step toward this end.
The study appears in Science of the Total Environment. Funding for the work came from NCStates Blanton J. Whitmire endowment, as well as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Healthy Homes program (NCHHU0017-13, NCHHU0053-19), the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (2013-5-35 MBE) and the National Science Foundation (DEB-1754190). Seed funds came from NCStates Center for Human Health and the Environment (CHHE, P30ES025128), funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
-kulikowski-
Note to editors: An abstract of the paper follows.
Bed bugs shape the indoor microbial community composition of infested homes Authors: Madhavi L. Kakumanu, Alexis M. Barbarin, Richard G. Santangelo and Coby Schal, North Carolina State University: Zachary C. DeVries, University of Kentucky
Published: July 7, 2020 in Science of the Total Environment
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140704
Abstract: Indoor pests, and the allergens they produce, adversely affect human health. Surprisingly, however, their effects on indoor microbial communities have not been assessed. Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) infestations pose severe challenges in elderly and low-income housing. They void large amounts of liquid feces into the home environment, which might alter the indoor microbial community composition. In this study, using bed bug-infested and uninfested homes, we showed a strong impact of bed bug infestations on the indoor microbial diversity. Floor dust samples were collected from uninfested and bed bug-infested homes and their microbiomes were analyzed before and after heat interventions that eliminated bed bugs. The microbial communities of bed bug-infested homes were radically different from those of uninfested homes, and the bed bug endosymbiont Wolbachia was the major driver of this difference. After bed bugs were eliminated, the microbial community gradually shifted toward the community composition of uninfested homes, strongly implicating bed bugs in shaping the dust-associated environmental microbiome. Further studies are needed to understand the viability of these microbial communities and the potential risks that bed bug-associated microbes and their metabolites pose to human health.
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Bed Bugs Modify Microbiome of Homes They Infest - NC State News
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Victims Of Bed Bug Infestations Have Much To Know About …
After having been away for five decades years in the developed world, bed bugs have marched back to take control of our hotel and motel rooms, our homes and our rooms, and for many of us only the services of a Tennessee bed bug control company can save us. Considering that bed bugs make their living by biting warm-blooded creatures in order to drink their blood, it should not be much of a shock to anyone that we do not want to have any bed bugs anywhere near us.
These insects are not merely a hungry guest. They can harm our bodies by their feeding upon our blood. Some of the badness they are responsible for are skin rashes and allergies. There is even a single particular breed that prefers to drink human blood above that of our furry pets. And, the problem is that once they settle in place it can time a whole lot of time, effort and money to get them under control and to kill them.
Additionally, bed bugs are more than a threat to a familys physical well being; they are also a genuine danger to the health of their mental state. Living a life where one is always suffering from rashes and not able to sleep a solid sleep is not easy. Additionally, it is embarrassing to live in a home that has so many pests that friends and family are afraid to come over. Surely, if any of your friends or family members have been through a bed bug infestation, you are already well aware of how damaging these parasitic guys are.
Historically, bug control companies used powerful chemicals to get at the bed bugs in a persons home. Eradicating bed bugs in this manner was expensive and difficult to do and did was not always effective since in many cases the chemicals did not get to the bed bugs and eggs that were deeply hidden within mattresses or other pieces of furniture.
There is some good news here in our region regarding the controlling of these pests: the use of heat Tennessee bed bug extermination purposes. To this end, all a Tennessee bed bug control service does is replace chemicals with heat to draw the insects out of their hiding places so that they can killed. ThermalRid, which can be finished in a single day, is one of the monikers of this heating to kill bed bugs services in our area,
Saves all your expensive furniture and possessions with Tennessee bed bug control or Tennessee bed bug extermination.
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Victims Of Bed Bug Infestations Have Much To Know About ...
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Gatlinburg TN Bed bug Hotel and Apartment Reports
1 of 5 stars Pending review Do not stay in this resort!!!!! They have bed bugs. We stayed in room 6265. Security confrimed several bed bugs found in the mattresses after we complained about bites we ...
On 8/6/2016 I woke up with several bites on my right arm. I went down to the desk at 930 to show them and the woman told me they looked like spider bites. And that because we were close to the mountai...
We stayed in the mountain view building top floor. We stayed April 3 and 4 2016. The room had bed bugs in it that hitched a ride home with us....
We stayed last Friday night and left saturday. We seen a large bed bug on the bed, my daughter has bites all over her. ...
Stayed 5-16 and was to leave on 5-18 but found a bed bug on top of my husbands luggage so we packed up immediately and left. Squished it with a rag and it splattered blood which is a signature indicat...
was nasty and found 2 bedbugs alive...
Stayed 9/8/16 room 631 had bedbug spotting in multiple locations on king box spring. No live found hotel notified about issue....
On 4-6-15 we stayed at the Edgewster Hotel in Gatlinburg, TN where bed bugs bit me in room 435. I spent hours waiting at Urgent Care to get the diagnoses. I reported this to the Hotel & Heslth Dept. T...
We stayed for 6 nights in this townhouse. My youngest daughter (13) had a couple of spots on her, but we thought they were just mosquito bites. The day after we left she really started breaking out, ...
7..20..17 first they denied it; after maintenance check, and agreed that it was bed bugs dropping the hotel refund only one night, moved us too room 433, this room was inspect didn't find any bed bugs...
Sister-in-law showed bites all over her arms and legs. Bug exterminator was called in and confirmed infestation. Hotel moved out party to room A101 and I started showing up with bed bug bites 2 days...
Woke up with about 50 bites on 9-19-18 on myself. Management just dismissed it like it was nothing. Very non courteous. DONT STAY HERE!!!!...
Thursday, October 12,2017... Found bed bugs & left early hours of October 13, 2017... Was told I would receive a full refund but it has not went through after a week. I was bitten. 6-7 bed bugs seen...
We stayed there in September, 2018. At first the room was nice, until we turned down the sheets and seen few spots of blood on sheets. Had them changed and thought everything was ok..we were wrong wo...
My family and I stayed here in December 2014. We didn't discover the bugs the first night, but thankfully we did discover them the second night. My daughters bed was infested. The manager had taken pr...
Stayed 9/17/16 - woke up to traces of blood on sheets. We checked out and then I began breaking out with bed bug bites. My arms and hands are covered as well as my neck and legs. I called the motel an...
found bedbug crawling in bed so grabbed it with tissue and took with me to hotel office where I was told it wasn't a bedbug. I than showed office what bedbug looked like per Google on my phone, exactl...
We stayed in this room on Friday Feb 12 and we stayed the first night and when we woke up that morning my wife had little bites all over her body and my Brother in law had bites on his face and should...
We stayed at Baskins Creek Nestle Inn at room 203 only for one night. I woke up at 4 am with a rash and bites on my arms. We were leaving at 11:00 am and packing our things when we saw the bed bug on ...
I found bedbug in townhouse apartment on Monday, August 22. The staff was nice and washed all our clothes and refunded my money. I had been staying with them for 18 years and never had any issues befo...
Stayed at Mountain cascades owned by cabins for you. Woke up on the 5th night while getting bit by bed bugs. I caught one and put it in a baggy for proof. My mom called management and they sent pest c...
Bed bugs! Do not stay here unless you want to get bitten. We stayed in room 102 and the first night my husband had three small bites on his ankle. I didnt think much of it, searched the room but di...
Arrived 12/29/18. Room had a musty BO smell. Reported to front desk. Next day found a bed bug. Reported. They moved us but led my husband to believe we would get a refund. . Said they never ha...
Worst experience Ive ever had staying somewhere. Checked in on December 1sr 2017 and Found bed bugs in our room after getting ready for bed then spent 3 hours throwing clothes and our stuff in the dr...
Recommended tips after hotel check-in: 1. Pick up the mattresses in the rooms and look under it. Check around the edges of the box springs. 2. Check under the box spring. 3. Lift up each headboard an lie it on the bed. Carefully inspect the hole where the headboard was lifted out of. Also, inspect all niches and corners of the headboard. 4. If you decide to stay in the hotel, do not put any clothes in dressers. Keep them in your luggage and your dirty clothes in plastic bags.
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Gatlinburg TN Bed bug Hotel and Apartment Reports
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How to get rid of bed bugs: Four simple tips to eradicate them from your bed – Express
Bed bugs are small, reddish-brown parasitic insects that prey on you while you sleep. Although bed bugs aren't known to spread disease, they can leave you feeling ruffled in your own home. Their signature style is to leave bite marks on your skin, which can be itchy and red.
To make matters worse, some people may have an allergic reaction that can include severe itching, blisters or hives.
Bed bugs can be fiendishly difficult to capture because they hide in small nooks and crannies.
According to the NHS, typical hideouts include on bed frames, mattresses, clothing, furniture, behind pictures and under loose wallpaper.
Fortunately, there are steps you can take to shield your bed from the nasty pests.
READ MORE:How to sleep: Struggling to sleep? This natural supplement has been proven to help
According to pest control body Terminix, make your bed an island to help get rid of bed bugs fast by moving it at least six inches away from the wall.
The insect experts also advise washing and drying all bed linens including pillow cases, sheets, comforters and mattress pads at the highest settings allowed by the manufacturer.
"Seal in plastic bags once clean," it advises.
"Post-treatment, use encasements (bed-bug-proof covers) to cover your mattress and box spring. Ensure they have zippers and are high quality to cut down on tearing," says Terminix.
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Furthermore, you should check under your bed and discard anything unneeded, advises the pest control body.
It adds: "Items you want to keep should be stored in the same room to prevent the infestation from spreading."
If the bed bug infestation persists, you may need to hire a professional exterminator.
According to Mayo Clinic, they may use a combination of pesticides and non-chemical treatments.
"Some professional exterminators use portable devices to raise the temperature of a room to a lethal temperature," explains the health body.
All stages of bedbugs can be killed at 50 degrees celsius, notes the health site.
"In some cases, you may have to throw out heavily infested items such as mattresses or couches," it adds.
Bedbug bites usually clear up on their own in a week or so but there are things you can do to alleviate them.
The NHS recommends: Things you can do include:
You can also ask a pharmacist about using a mild steroid cream like hydrocortisone cream to ease bed bug bites, says the health body.
If the bites are still very painful, swollen or itchy, or the redness around the bites is spreading after trying treatments from a pharmacist, you should see a GP, warns the health site.
"You may have an infection and need treatment with antibiotics," it adds.
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How to get rid of bed bugs: Four simple tips to eradicate them from your bed - Express
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Bed Bug News Reports Bed Bugs in Virginia
Just like the Oscar awards ceremony and the SuperBowl, once per year its time for the annual Top 50 Most Bedbug Infested Cities competition. Can I have the envelope? please. These are the cities that will get the most local TV and newspaper coverage of the Bedbug Wars, in the next few months, on the BedBugNewsReports.com
Im MrBedBug, Chief SpokesBug for FLfresh.com and EcoBugFREE, the BedBug Eliminator. I am a TV star on MrBedBug-TV on YouTube and Editor of the BedBug News Reports.com
Here is the List by Ranking [and if they moved UP+ or DOWN- from last year]
#1 Chicago Il. [Congratulate our 2-time winner] #2 Los Angeles Ca. (+1) #3 Columbus, Ohio (+3) #4 Detroit Mi.(-2) #5 Cincinnati Oh. #6 Cleveland/Akron/Canton Oh. (+2) #7 Dayton Oh. (+4) #8 Washington DC. (-1) #9 Denver Co. (-5) #10 Indianapolis In. (+6) #11 Richmond/Petersburg Va. (+1) #12 Raleigh/Durham/Fayetteville, NC. (+3) #13 Dallas/Ft. Worth Tx. (-4) #14 Syracuse NY. (+7) #15 Atlanta Ga.(+14) #16 Houston Tx. (+2) #17 New York City NY. (-7) #18 Seattle/Tacoma Wa. (-5) #19 San Francisco/Oakland/San Jose Ca. (-5) #20 Boston Ma. (+2) #21 Milwaukee Wi.(-2) #22 Miami/Ft. Lauderdale Fl. (+3) #23 Nashville Tn. (+17) #24 Pittsburgh Pa. (+12) #25 Charlotte NC. (+18) #26 San Diego Ca.(+6) #27 Baltimore Md. (-7) #28 Phoenix Az. (+7) #29 Cedar Rapids/Waterloo, Iowa (+4) #30 Charleston/Huntington, W.Va. (+1) #31 Knoxville, Tenn. (-4) #32 Louisville, Ky. (-2) #33 Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, Mich. (+5) #34 Hartford/New Haven, Conn. (-8) #35 Champaign / Springfield, Ill. (+13) #36 Greenville/Spartanburg/Asheville, S.C. (+11) #37 Omaha, Neb. (-20) #38 Buffalo, N.Y. (-10) #39 Lincoln/Hastings/Kearney, []
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Bed Bug News Reports Bed Bugs in Virginia
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