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Pesticides

With the widespread use ofDDTin the 1940s and'50s, bed bugs mostly disappeared from North America in the mid-twentieth century .Infestations remained common in many other parts of the world and in recent years have also begun to rebound in North America. Thanks to rises in rampant hoarding around the United States,[clarification needed]bed bugs are able to hide and reproduce without immediate detection. Reappearance of bed bugs has presented new challenges for pest control due to their developed resistance to various pesticides including DDT, and organophosphates.In fact, using DDT on today's bed bug makes it more active.

Another reason for their increase is that more pest control services use gel-based pesticide baits for control of cockroaches and ants, the most common pests in structures, instead of residual sprays. When residual sprays were used to kill the more common insect pests, they resulted in the collateral control of bed bug populations. The gel-based insecticides primarily used today to control cockroach and ant populations do not have any effect on bed bugs, as bed bugs are not attracted to baits.

Available in the market are several pesticides to control bed bugs. The list of pesticides for the purpose can be a long one, and you may easily access them or buy them in the market. But professional help from pest control operators are necessary because small failures and mistakes in applying pesticides to control bed bugs may cause more serious problems. The list of pesticides to control bed bugs is ever growing. Every year a handful of additional insecticides make the list longer. This acknowledges how people are concerned with the increasing annoyance and discomfort from having bed bugs at home.

One theory is that the source of current bed bug populations is from other countries without bed bug pesticides that have made their way through air travel, and another theory is that the surviving bed bug populations were forced to switch hosts to birds such aspoultry, andbats.

The most common pesticides and insecticides, from the long list of available ones in the market, for controlling bedbugs usually are classified as:

1. Contact insecticides. These substances have their own long list. Most bed bugs pesticides contain a number of contact insecticides that have the ability to kill bed bugs instantly when they come or get into direct contact with surfaces with the pesticide or its residues.

2. Contact insecticides are normally made up of pyrethoids, which are formulated synthetically or from natural extracts from chrysanthemum flowers. These substances tend to emit smell that instantly knocks out bed bugs. However, bed bugs may develop repelling properties or characteristics against the substance. Hence, using contact insecticides may not mean killing bed bugs, but preventing them from getting into surfaces applied with the pesticide.

3. Insect growth regulators or IGR. These insecticide is also common among the long list of pesticides for controlling bed bugs. The pesticide does not directly target adult or crawling bed bugs. The pesticide's attack on bedbugs is based on the principle that the youngsters are more vulnerable. IGRs affect and directly exterminate eggs or bed bugs that have just hatched. The eggs' and the young bed bugs's development are hindered and stalled, thus, no new generation of bed bugs will follow the current one. IGR application is not a quick way to control bed bugs. From among the other pesticides in the currently existing list, IGR is the slowest, or the insecticide that will have results in the longest time.

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List of pesticides that control bed bugs

The list of pesticides to control bed bugs is ever growing. Every year a handful of additional insecticides make the list longer. This acknowledges how people are concerned with the increasing annoyance and discomfort from having bed bugs at home. The most common pesticides available in the market are: Pyrethrins, Tempo, Allethrin, Delta Dust Flee/ Dragnet, Malathion, Drione Dust and Suspend SC. The list is very incomplete, but the above mentioned are the most common and easily purchasable in the market today. The short listed pesticides are commonly sprayed into areas suspected of being habitat for bed bugs.

Prevention of Bed Bug Bites

Because bed bugs don't tend to burrow under clothing, you may be able to avoid bites by wearing pajamas that cover as much skin as possible. Some studies indicate that bed nets impregnated with the pesticide permethrin may help protect sleepers against bed bug bites. However, this practice may be helping bed bugs develop resistance to this pesticide. Inspect used mattresses or upholstered furniture carefully before bringing them into your home. Check mattress seams for bed bug excrement and place your luggage on tables or dressers instead of on the floor. Eliminate any neighboring bird and bat habitats that may serve as a refuge for bed bugs, especially following an extermination attempt.

When bed bugs are suspected, a thorough inspection should commence in areas where people sleep or rest. Check all possible hiding places, mindful that bed bugs can fit into tiny cracks or crevices. Don't overlook similar areas around pets, and where bats or birds have entered structures. If bats or birds are the source of infestation, they should be excluded from the premises. Note that bats and most bird species are protected by law and should not be killed. Contact state wildlife authorities for guidelines on bat/bird exclusion and removal. Pesticides, including wet table powder, micro encapsulate and dust formulations, can be applied directly into cracks and crevices harboring bed bugs, though hiring a pest management professional may be preferable to doing it yourself. Do not apply pesticides to mattresses, bedding or furniture unless the pesticide's label specifically allows application to these items. Do not apply pesticides to mattresses, bedding or furniture where they will contact people .

• Avoid dust ruffles/bed skirts on your bed as this serves not only as a good hiding place, but as an easy means for the insects to travel from the floor to your bed, box spring, mattress and you. If you must have them, make sure they are not touching the floor.
• When you travel, be sure to inspect your hotel room for bed bugs. Travel is the #1 most common way bed bugs are spread. Using anti-bed bug travel products from Bed bug.com will aid in protecting your personal belongings as well as making it easier to unpack directly into your washer at home for added peace of mind.
• When possible, take off your shoes BEFORE entering your house, and make sure your visitors do the same. Bed bugs have been known to travel on peoples shoes and lay their eggs there.
• Never bring used bedding or furniture into your home until you have inspected the items thoroughly and are comfortable with the means in which the items have been transported to your home. Unfortunately, many delivery vehicles have unknowingly become infested with bed bugs due to removing infested items from customer's homes.

How to prevent bed bug bites? Proper hygiene, changing bed sheets regularly, vacuuming carpets and using insecticides to kill bugs are ways in which you can address this itchy problem. However, throughout this trend of limiting indoor pesticides, we were bed bug free. Like the EPA, many people have concerns about applying chemicals where children sleep or play. But, if bed bugs should become as big a problem as they were at the beginning of the 20thcentury, the public may demand that the federal government register products that are effective against bed bugs. We will just have to wait and see. At this time, we do not know of any product that is in development specifically for bed bug control.